Speeches

 To accompany PhilpotNew U1.7 (pp 34-42) 

* Philpot  (Old) U 4.1 Propaganda (Handout, see Tera)

To accompany task 7.5

Chocolate Biscuits by TeachingHeads: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAusakvsFLQ (13:57)

satire = the use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.

parody = an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.

pastiche = an artistic work in a style that imitates that of another work, artist, or period.

spoof = a humorous imitation of something, typically a film or a particular genre of film, in which its characteristic features are exaggerated for comic effect.

(You can google for examples.)

PhilpotNew p 41 Task 7.6 changed (this helps you towards Paper 1, and possibly your IO)

1) You plan a speech (The task in the book says 5-8 min, but I guess ~5 min is plenty.)

2) A classmate criticises your plan: What's the occasion? Who's in the audience? Why this topic? What's your aim / the purpose of your speech?

3) You write the speech - after writing for 15-20 min, deliver that part to a classmate to find out how much text you need to create for speaking for a minute, for example. Peer criticism might be useful here, too.

4) You write it. You fine-tune it. You make it even better. You try it out on somebody, preferably somebody else, not the same person than before. Peer criticism and improving the speech follows.

5) You add annotations to the speech (what kind of rhetorical devices you have included, why, to what effect, etc.)

6) Besides having a copy of all stages of the work in your portfolio, you also hand it in, and are ready to present it to class, too.

There will be no official grading, but definitely some feedback.

What to analyse besides language while listening to a speech (not necessarily in this order):

1) voice: tone, loudness, irregularities

2) pauses

3) body language

4) interaction with and engaging the audience: eye contact, direct questions, reacting to what the audience does / says

5) relevance of the topic, argument, examples and jokes to the audience

Great sources of speeches:

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/

http://artofmanliness.com/2008/08/01/the-35-greatest-speeches-in-history/

https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/c.php?g=28389&p=174563

What rhetoric is: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric

How to make a good speech:

https://www.lovelearningtutors.com/main-blog/2018/4/30/how-to-write-a-speech-english-gcse-exam

http://www.rogerdarlington.me.uk/Speech.html

http://www.ehow.com/how_2303815_write-good-speech.html

How to analyse a speech: 

http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/speech-evaluation-1-how-to-study-critique-speech/

Persuasive language:

http://changingminds.org/techniques/language/persuasive/persuasive.htm

http://www.slideshare.net/Mrsorneville/what-is-persuasive-language-1

Propaganda:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four

Full text of the book: http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks01/0100021.txt

Media Persuasion Techniques:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJi5qa4CTb0

There is a wonderful playlist for persuasion techniques and propaganda, some better bits here:

Propaganda Techniques:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pw8mQFCfGxE&feature=related

Old Major's speech from Animal Farm by Orwell

The text of the speech:

https://www.marxists.org/subject/art/literature/children/texts/orwell/animal-farm/ch01.htm

(The speech is a bit longer than the extract I provided you with, so check the link here!)

Discussion:

How many of the rhetorical devices can you find? Annotate the speech for the following:

rhetorical questions,

literary allusions,

uniting the audience,

a main idea,

clear next steps offered to the listeners,

use of metaphor

repetition

How does Old Major use emotional appeal to persuade the animals to believe that man is their enemy? Consider the various rhetorical devices used (diction, imagery, syntax, figurative language, etc.) to make Old Major’s argument effective for his audience.

Substantiate observations with specific examples from the text. Remember the PEA rule!

Bits and pieces of analysis:

https://crystalsungbookreviews.wordpress.com/2016/05/23/animal-farm-by-george-orwell-analysis-of-old-majors-speech/

http://literatureessaysamples.com/old-majors-speech-a-rhetorical-analysis/

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/a/animal-farm/character-analysis/old-major

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqxhn39/revision/2

https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/animalfarm/section1/

Literary devices (including allusion): http://literary-devices.com/content/allusion

Borrowing from a source that has since vanished:

To effectively analyze an argument, you must learn to recognize the three classical strategies of argumentation:  logical appeal, emotional appeal, and ethical appeal.  The better arguments rely on a judicious use of all three appeals, and a persuasive writer knows when to use each in order to accomplish an intended purpose.

     In addition to the appeals, though, astute readers learn to analyze the style of an argument—the diction, imagery, syntactical patterns, figurative language, or any other devices of language that authors use to persuade their audience.  These language devices are often referred to as rhetorical devices.

     The word rhetoric, at its most basic level, simply means language that effectively accomplishes its purpose.  In persuasion, of course, that purpose is to convince the audience that the writer’s opinion or position is the correct one.

     An emotional appeal is an appeal to pathos, which in Greek loosely translates to “pain.”  Most people respond to emotion, but the writer must be careful to use this appeal wisely and fairly.  The writer’s aim should not be to manipulate the reader through emotions but to appeal to needs that all humans have in common:

physical needs (life and health)

psychological needs (a person’s need for love and respect)

social needs (the need for freedom, for respect, for acceptance)

PhilpotNew U1.6

 PhilpotNew U1.6

Anastasia Gvineria

6.3

1. 1. What inspired you to make these artworks?

2. What made you choose these types of colors for your work?

3. What emotion were you feeling while making these artworks?

4. Did you intend to give your artworks a certain message and make them impactful to others? If so, what is the message and what type of impact was in mind?

2. Banksy is a street artist whose full name and identity remain unknown. He is known for his satirical artworks with political messages. His artworks can be found on walls, underground areas, etc. Since his identity remains unknown, his main goal with his art is not to benefit himself in any way, it is to spread his message and that is his only intention. He gets no credit or benefits from his art, even though they are very popular and liked by others. His inspiration was an artist named 3D, this is what got him started on his work. I think he used his artwork to let out his emotions and let them be known by other people without them knowing who made them. 

3. I chose FT weekend as the magazine I would interview Banksy in. This is a magazine where famous interviews are held and I think the audience would be very interested in Banksy.

4. ARTICLE
   Interview with Banksy

Many of you may already know him, but we would like to introduce you to a street artist named Banksy. He is pseudonymous and is based in England. Other than being an artist, he is also a political activist and film director and his identity remain a mystery to this day. Because of his mysterious and interesting persona, not to mention his amazing art, people have been asking questions and are becoming more and more interested in this person. This is why we have decided to set up an interview with him where we try to get the answers to your most frequently asked questions, and hopefully leave you satisfied with the answers.

INTERVIEW

Interviewer: Hello, welcome to our company, we are very glad to have you here!

Banksy: Hello, I am glad to have this chance to be interviewed.

Interviewer: We have prepared many questions since you seem to be a very interesting person to the public since you keep your identity unknown. This is going to be a very interesting interview considering how many questions people have for you and how much they want to know more about you. 

Banksy: Yes, I am ready to answer anything you want to know!

Interviewer: My first question to you would be why you decided to keep your identity private? I mean, you make all these amazing artworks that have been blowing up and amazing people, but you still choose not to take credit for them and remain unrecognized. 

Banksy: I have gotten this question a lot and many people think that my decision to keep my identity private does not make any sense to them. It is understandable in a way, that when your artworks become successful you want to take credit for them and let them benefit you, but I think revealing my identity would ruin my passion for making these artworks. The fact that nobody knows that it is me making them is what makes them so unique. I make them freely without any fear of criticism or judgment, I just draw what I enjoy.

Interviewer: That is a very fair point and an interesting answer, and we finally found out the reason from Banksy himself. Now, moving on to my next question, do you have any intentions or goals with your art, or do you simply make them for your amusement and self-expression?

Banksy: Well, initially it was only for self-expression. I just did it for fun and never expected to get anything out of it. I just expected a couple of people walking past my art and recognizing it, nothing else. But the amount of publicity my art got was very unexpected. Once it started getting so big, I started putting more impactful messages and things that I wanted more people to see/be aware of. So to answer your question, I did not have a goal with my artworks at first, but now I make them spread my thoughts and beliefs amongst a large number of people.

Interviewer: That is brilliant. I will not bother you for longer and let’s wrap this interview up with one last question - Do you have anything to say to your fellow audience and supporters?

Banksy: Yes, actually, I think this is a great opportunity to reach out to them since I have never had the chance to do it before. I want to let you all know that I am very thankful for the amount of support you have been showing towards my art, and you are the ones who inspire me to keep it going and make a difference in the world with my artwork. I will continue to improve my art and hope you will keep enjoying it. 

Interviewer: Thank you very much for giving us the answers to the questions that we have had for so long! Wish you all the best and goodbye!

Banksy: Thank you for having me, goodbye.

6.4

1. Shepard Fairey, HOPE (2008)

This artwork by Shepard Fairey is a stylized stencil portrait of Barack Obama. It has been described as iconic and has even been used in one of Barack Obama’s campaigns in 2008. The colors used in this artwork are solid red, light and dark beige, and blue. His style is very realistic and detailed, and the use of color connects to the American flag. Mainly, his artworks are related to America/Americans. 

2. Fairey decided to create a portrait of Obama based on his feeling that his "power and sincerity as a speaker would create a positive association with his likeness".

The poster was inspired by Social Realism.

 

 PhilpotNew U1.5

Anastasia Gvineria

TOK

I believe comics are considered art. They are graphic images that have a message behind them. I think this is enough to call something art. Even though some of them might require more skill and are more meaningful, all comics can be perceived as artworks in my opinion. 

 Chosen word: POINT OF VIEW

5.2

The way “point of view” is related to the comic is that it is shown from a young student’s perspective. We only see her side of the story and her view on the topic, not the people who made the decision to make these kids wear veils. We do not see an explanation as to why these people are making them do this or how it is beneficial, we only see that the students do not like it and there are many reasons they feel uncomfortable having to wear it.
The comic is made using only black and white and the different scenes are very similar to each other, where there are hardly any differences between some. I think the artist used this message to better portray the dull and sad feeling that she had during this time.

5.3

The same word can be used to relate to a Calvin and Hobbes comic. Even though the two comics are completely different and have very different meanings/messages, the word “point of view’ can be connected to either of them.

In the Calvin and Hobbes comic, we can see them discussing why war is played and not peace. Calvin says it is because of “too few role models”. They proceed to play a game where Calvin is the peacemaker and Hobbes is the villain. In the end, they come to the conclusion that the game is stupid and has no point. From their “point of view”, peace is better than war, but there are people who do not agree and think that war is the only way to get what they want.

INTERNATIONAL MINDEDNESS

The strip comic comments on international-mindedness in the sense that the characters believe that the world would be better if we made peace instead of war. They do not understand why people prefer to make war. This must mean that they are not against any category of people based on their religion, beliefs, etc. It comments on the nature of war by showing how pointless it is to go back and forth fighting over a topic. War does not solve an issue or show who was right/wrong, it just shows who used more violent ways to get what they want, and in the comic, this was described by the characters as “stupid”.

5.4

In the Persepolis comic, the terms from the book that are related to it would be negative space, speech bubble,  panel, gutter. There was a lot of negative space which in my opinion is related to the empty and negative feeling that the comic portrays. Speech bubbles were used but only to fit the message and text, there were not any fancy and fun since this was not the intention. The panel is what separated the scenes, it was simply a black line. There were many gutters in between the scenes since there was a big story being told through a small number of scenes. Many things were left up to our imagination and common sense.

5.5

The images in the comic Persepolis were very abstract. It had no detail or color, it was very simple. In my opinion, this is because the point of the comic was the message, not so much the images themselves. 

CONCEPT

An artist would want to turn their message into a cartoon because cartoons are interpreted better by people. They are simpler to understand by any age category and make your message/intention more clear. They are also much more eye-catching and interesting for people. For example, if there was simply a text with your message on it, it would be less likely for anyone to take their time reading it, as for a comic, it would probably be more exciting for them.

5.6

I personally do not read comics and do not have a favorite series of comic strips, but after looking them up I found this comic and chose this one as my favorite. I like it because it is simple and easy to understand, the scenes are not too busy and focus on the main message. It has a comedic message which mocks our generation and their frequent use of social media. 

Steven 1.6

A

Only contextually relevant things I can find is the

faceless character and the interaction with a physical

object, otherwise, it is a distinct art piece from Mark’s

collection.

All of Mark’s works are distinctly faceless when portraying

humans. He likes to cover them up with things like wigs,

traffic cones, hoodies and other obscurations. One thing

that they all have in common is that they are all street

installations.

A general theme that it seems Mark likes to instill on the

public is a sense of surrealism - limbs or bodies of

mannequins being covered up in regular clothes and

placed in confusing situations invokes confusion. ‘How is

that person’s head in the wall’ would be a logical question

asked by a person seeing Mark’s installation

when going about their business.

 B

Can be interpreted to comment on infrastructural problems

in urban areas.

Direct use of guerilla art, basis of the artwork. Shows a

child pulling down a post with a rope.

There is no little distinction between most of Mark

Jenkins’ characters aside from size, body proportions

and actions. In this case, a child is being shown pulling

down an object, this could just be used to describe the

playful nature of our youth.

A

What factors are at play when deciding what message
you want to send?

What got you into street art?

What defines your style and how did you find it?

How do you decide where to exhibit your pieces?

C 

Artsy

D 

What factors are at play when deciding what message you

want to send to the audience?

Usually it's something that I've had building up in the

back of my mind, other times it's a response to a political

issue or passed legislation. When I’m not taking things

too seriously, I go around the streets looking for some

funny things to make based on the surroundings. There's

not really a rhyme or reason with my work, I just simply

go with the flow. :D)

What got you into street art?

I think it was because of the direct nature of the street, a sort of honest reflection on things. It is a quick way to get my art out to the general public, and it raises awareness to concepts I would like to expose to people.

What defines your style and how did you find it?

I would say that my style incorporates

existential/political reflections and other times just plain humour. I think street art spoke to me for reasons I mentioned before - it just has a sense of groundedness in reality, honesty to the public. Since I produce these reflections on a regular basis, it seemed fitting to spread them around public consciousness. In addition, funny artworks are probably lifting people’s spirits around the city, and I appreciate that.

How do you decide where to exhibit your pieces?

It usually boils down to the context of the piece in relation to the real world, giving the characters a sense of realism by showcasing them interacting with tangible objects.

Steven 1.5 work

 Global Global Issue: Sustainable development, expansion of urban developments.

Steven

In the background there is a bulldozer which is levelling the ground and paving the way for developments. The characters are walking on mushy rubble, it looks very disgusting and uncomfortable as if to imply that this is the result of the developments. Then there is the image of a cut log, it is implied that the log was cut to allow for the developments to take place. The characters look saddened by the remarks they are making. 

The final slide includes the aforementioned messy rubble, including the broken log. In addition, the characters are distant from the ‘camera’, and are looking away as they explain: ‘I wonder if you can refuse to inherit the world’, ‘I think if you're born it's too late’.

The text most likely represents the artist's views on the subject - people, especially kids, are being negatively affected by something that is addressed by the Global Issue.

My BOW by Timo Liiv

My author of choice was Mike Thompson, an editorial cartoonist/animator for the Detroit Free Press. He is an American and a lot of his work is based around the American government and political figures (e.g Donald J. Trump). For my global issues, I chose the denial of climate change and anti-vaxxers. The next 12 cartoons are going to be based on the denial of climate change being real:

The next three cartoons will be based on the global issue of anti-vaxxers:

Ben Garrison BOW

 GI: Incompetence in the American Democrat Party / Current Establishment

grrrgraphics.com

Creator: Ben Garrison

Ben Garrison is an American cartoonist often vilified and mocked (by left-wing commentators) and appreciated and somewhat respected (by conservatives). His work mainly parodies US Democrats in an exaggerated, over-the-top way to make his points, while joking at the same time. This gives him free-reign in some sense to go over the line, as he is purposefully being hyperbolic. Most of his cartoons recently focus on corruption or incompetence in the ruling establishment (the Joe Biden administration) in the US.

Street art

To complement PhilpotNew U1.6

Graffiti vs street art: http://www.columbia.edu/~sl3731/graffitiART/
Street art festival Stencibility in Tartu: http://stencibility.eu/
The history
of street art: https://study.com/academy/lesson/street-art-definition-history.html
of graffiti: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-graffiti-definition-history-types.html
The art of graffiti-tagging:
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-04/the-art-of-graffiti-tagging/6959396
Street art terms illustrated:
https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/51583/14-street-art-terms%E2%80%94illustrated
Mural and fresco: https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-mural-and-a-fresco
Making a street artist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnqEQDDf6Zo (7:03)
Berlin Wall graffiti art: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall_graffiti_art
Some Banksy:
https://blogs.commons.georgetown.edu/cctp-725-fall2013/2013/10/28/bansky-art-and-environment-in-street-art/
Most famous street art with a strong message:
https://www.boredpanda.com/environmental-street-art-graffiti-climate-change/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=organic

Slap! sticker exhibition: https://www.graffitistreet.com/stencibility-festival-presents-the-slap-van-europes-largest-ever-sticker-exhibition-2019/

(https://www.graffitistreet.com/stencibility-festival-presents-the-slap-van-europes-largest-ever-sticker-exhibition-2019/stencibility-sticker-slap-van-estonia-street-art-12/)

Mextonia: http://www.mextonia.com/
An example not that easy to see:

The Deepest Depths of the Burrow - Street Art & Graffiti Documentary:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ln54lV-vm94 (1:45:04)
Banksy Exit Through The Gift Shop 2010 eng subs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dG8iaAFAM58 (1:26:06)

Task: What would you paint on a wall (and where and on what exactly) if you were going to apply for the possibility to make street art during the next Stencibility festival? Draw to scale. Justify your choices of theme, style, colours, figures, text, location, message, target audience, etc. OR design a sticker for the slap van :)

Comics and cartoons and graphic novels

To complement PhilpotNew U 1.5

On Tera (in the folder "How to analyse"):
* Analyse a cartoon
* Deconstructing cartoons
* Gender in cartoons

Calvin and Hobbes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_and_Hobbes
Philosophy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAN7TZ6Wpag (9:06)
Calvin and Hobbes search: https://michaelyingling.com/random/calvin_and_hobbes/
Dear Mr Watterson: https://www.scpr.org/programs/offramp/2013/11/14/34648/dear-mr-watterson-we-miss-calvin-and-hobbes/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKFaLKMCzYQ (33:49)
https://www.dearmrwatterson.com/
Difference: A cartoon is a single panel image usually used to convey an idea. A comic is a story told using sequential panel images. Sometimes the terms cartoon strip or comic strip are used interchangeably to describe a hybrid of the two.
Main elements of a comic:

Different emanata:
https://nancyfriedman.typepad.com/away_with_words/2008/07/word-of-the-week-emanata.html

Task: Consult the blog post on sustainable development goals, and find a Calvin and Hobbes cartoon or comic strip to illustrate one of the goals there.
If you have already found some other text type to illustrate one of the goals, be ready to present that, too.
Example:

(https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ee/65/86/ee65865b69552d3d863f8d715d5cebe4.jpg)


















Best comic books ever: https://www.amexessentials.com/top-most-powerful-graphic-novels/
https://vocal.media/geeks/best-graphic-novels-ever-written
List of famous cartoonists: https://www.ranker.com/list/notable-cartoonist_s)/reference

Graphic novels

This source gives a good overview of what is out there but probably doesn't allow you to read much online: https://libwww.freelibrary.org/explore/topic/graphic-novels
Some things are exceptionally useful, though, e.g. the comics timeline.
Comics can be read here (but beware of some stupid ad blocking your view - seems to be OK when you open the same site twice, it doesn't come up in the second window): https://readcomiconline.to/
Read graphic novels online here: https://www.comicextra.com/graphic-novels-comic

NB! If you find a great source of a lone-standing book that is readable online free, or a place where many can be read free, share here :)

Political cartoons BOW

IO, BOWs & GIs: What are they? (Individual Oral, Body of Work, Global Issue - you can consult relevant blog posts)

Political cartoons: work starts now and carries on into both homework and subsequent classwork, and ends up both in your portfolio and presented to class:

* detailed discussion of PhilpotNew U 1.4

* doing the tasks mentioned in my previous blog post on political cartoons

* preparing to curate and present to class a Body of Work (= BOW): a set of about 15 political cartoons by the same author (functioning predominantly in the English language in the English-speaking world or globally) whose work has several Global Issues (= GIs) evident in them.

While presenting, you show the whole set of cartoons to class, tell us about the background to the author, the GIs you have chosen and how they are represented in the author's work, and choose 2 cartoons for looking at in detail in class with concentrating on different aspects, e.g. how symbols have been used, or how words and pictures complement each other, or how the ambience adds to the reception of the cartoons, etc.  You decide which cartoons to concentrate on, and how exactly you do this, and which IB LangLit aims this will help you to achieve.

Political cartoons

To go with PhilpotNew U1.4

How to analyse: https://www.wikihow.com/Analyze-Political-Cartoons

https://moad-web.s3.amazonaws.com/heracles-production/9c0/341/fe0/9c0341fe0b2eee4391624ac60334d219e3ca8daebc25fe49805f03af2351/02-How-to-Analyse-teachers-notes.pdf

On Youtube: How To Analyze Political Cartoons by a couple of different people - watch some!

Recent political cartoons: https://www.politico.com/news/political-cartoons

This includes a task: http://www.lincolnlogcabin.org/education-kits/Abraham-Lincoln-Lesson-Plans/Lesson-5.pdf